Is the Good News about Compliance Goods News about International Law Essay

Is the Good News about Compliance Goods News about International Law - Essay Example In the case of the Guatemala and Belize, they agreed to appear before the International Court of Justice with a condition of passing a referendum on a question by October. The Court was therefore unable to convince the members of the states to decide disagreements which failed on the prosecution. This case reveals to us that the stability of the International law to handle problems faced by its members at the moment with regards to the formation of a stable coalition to prosecute such issues becomes questionable. The main contentious issue in this scenario is the conflict of interest between the member states and the jury. The leadership systems of many states especially the developing states are partial to their interests and would not like being exposed for the determination of justice. Conversely, the law is concerned with ensuring that all the provisions are met and that the judgments are made based on the facts rather than notions fostered by fallacies. A clear reflection on these issues has great effect on the decisions made by different countries. This is evident in the way the Guatemala’s did not make decisions when it came to October 2013 as agreed in the ICJ. They feared to be removed from office for being the first administration to seal acknowledgements with the Belize. Thus Guatemala acted in their favor due to the repercussions they would face after running the referendum. These early choices have great influence on countries’ subsequent decisions to comply with international treaties and decisions from legal institutions. The enforcement mechanisms of the international law takes both positive and negative forms. The positive mechanisms incorporate incentives or promises that might be in monetary forms so as to encourage compliance. There is transparency whereby there is gathering and sharing of useful information concerning the fact of issue at the basic level. The second mechanism is bureaucracy which, according to Chayes and Chayes

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Essay Example for Free

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Essay Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a form of anxiety disorder which is characterized by both compulsions and obsessions. The obsessions are experienced in form of recurrent, unwanted and disturbing images, thoughts, or impulses which usually pop into the minds of individuals causing them a lot of distress and anxiety (Hyman Pedrick, 2009). This results in compulsions which are repetitive intentional behaviors that are done in a bid to reduce the anxiety brought about by the obsessions. The onset of the disorder is earlier among men than among women (Jakes, 1996). In addition, the condition is more common in whites than in blacks and social class does not influence development of the condition (Jakes, 1996). In children, Strep throat is known to trigger onset of the condition or worsen the condition (Jakes, 1996). This is a case of autoimmunity where the antibodies produced to fight streptococci attacks basal ganglia. There are several ways in which the disease is manifested and an individual could have either a single manifestation or multiple manifestations. One grouping of OCD is referred to as checkers and individuals who fall under this category have compulsions to keep on checking things which could be locks, doors, and appliances in order to prevent potential disasters. They do this because they are afraid of disasters befalling themselves and others due to something they do or they do not do (Hyman Pedrick, 2009). Another manifestation is in form of washers and cleaners. Individuals who fall under this category have the tendency to repeatedly keep on showering, washing their hands, and cleaning the surroundings. This is because they are afraid and worried about contamination by germs and dirt (Hyman Pedrick, 2009). Orderers form another manifestation of OCD where individuals under this category feel compelled to do things in a given, exact way. For example an individual would be obsessed with arranging clothes in a given way. The other group is known as pure obsessionals and individuals in this group keep on having repetitive thoughts which could be in form of counting, praying, or repetition of certain words (Hyman Pedrick, 2009). These compulsions result from troubling intrusive thoughts and images where they think and see themselves harming or endangering others and this leaves them horrified (Hyman Pedrick, 2009). Another grouping of individuals with OCD comprises of individuals with scrupulosity. People under this category are obsessed with moral and religious issues and will compulsively pray or engage in religious services. The last manifestation is in form of hoarders where individuals in this category will collect things which others consider as trash or junk. In most cases, these individuals cannot explain why exactly they collect the items and they usually tend to develop an attachment to these items such that they cannot throw them away (Hyman Pedrick, 2009). The cause of the condition is thought to be genetic but environmental factors do modify its manifestation. Researchers believe that multiple genes are involved in its transmission from generation to generation and these genes are responsible for modifying brain function (Hyman Pedrick, 2009). When these genes are inherited, they cause variations in brain structure, circuitry, and neurochemistry and this inclines one to develop OCD. According to research statistics, the rate of OCD among family members where one individual has the condition is higher than among members of families where no relative has the condition (Hyman Pedrick, 2009). In addition, for majority of the people where the condition appears in childhood, there is usually a blood relative with the condition leading to confirmation that genetic factors are involved. Apart from genetics, environmental factors also play a role in the development of the condition. If individuals who are genetically predisposed to development of the condition are subjected to factors in the environment that stress them, then they are more likely to develop the condition. These stressing factors include childhood neglect, family stress, death, physical trauma, psychological trauma, illness, and divorce (Hyman Pedrick, 2009). In addition, people who are genetically predisposed to development of the condition can develop the disease as they go through major transitions in life which could be adolescence, marriage, retirement or parenthood. Studies have shown that serotonin is involved in the development of OCD (Hyman Pedrick, 2009). Serotonin is a neurotransmitter which enables communication between brain cells. In people with OCD, brain imaging reveals abnormalities in some areas of the brain and these are usually the basal ganglia, the cingulate gyrus, the thalamus, and orbital cortex (Hyman Pedrick, 2009). These are the brain areas that are involved in the following: processing of information received from the world, sorting of this information based on importance, they enable one to concentrate on tasks being undertaken, and they also alert one to danger. For people who have this condition, these brain areas work overtime, and they focus on ideas and thoughts that are intrusive which under normal circumstances would be filtered out (Hyman Pedrick, 2009). There are several signs and symptoms that characterize OCD. Though the objects of obsession vary slightly from individual to individual, the manifestations of the disorder are usually the same. One of these is obsession and compulsions which usually take more than an hour each day and which interferes with the individuals’ normal lives (Domino, 2007). The obsessions are usually recurrent and the patients usually try to ignore the thoughts or they neutralize these thoughts with compulsions. The individuals with these compulsions and obsessions usually have no other mental disorders (Domino, 2007). The compulsions are also repetitive and deliberate and they are aimed at neutralizing the obsessive thoughts. There are usually no specific tests for this condition and diagnosis is usually based on presence of the above signs and symptoms after which differential diagnosis is made (Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2008). After OCD is confirmed, several tests are done to determine severity and nature of the compulsions and obsessions. They include the Maudley obsessional compulsive inventory, the Yale brown Obsessive compulsive scale, and Leyton obsessional inventory (Domino, 2007). There is need for differential diagnosis in people suspected to have this condition. Distinguishing this condition from other disorders such as mood disorders, other anxiety disorders, impulsive spectrum disorders, Padua inventory, obsessive compulsive personality disorders (OCPD), impulsive spectrum disorders, and delusional disorders can be challenging. Accurate diagnosis requires a careful evaluation of an individual’s history. There is need to differentiate depression caused by OCD from that caused by others factors. It is also important to differentiate between OCD and trichotillomania where in trichotillomania just like in OCD individuals get relief out of pulling their hair but have no obsessive thoughts (Hollander Stein, 1997). Another condition requiring differential diagnosis is schizophrenia which is also characterized by obsession and rituals though the rituals in schizophrenic individuals are usually purposeless (Hollander Stein, 1997). In addition, other symptoms of schizophrenia are absent. Since some OCD patients also experience panic attacks, this can make OCD to be confused with panic disorder. However, OCD panic attacks are secondary to obsessional fears (Hollander Stein, 1997). Differential diagnosis between OCD and OCPD is also required since OCPD patients exhibit symptoms that are similar to those of OCD such as preoccupation with orderliness and perfectionism (Hollander Stein, 1997). However, in OCPD there is no obsession and compulsions. Borderline personality disorder may also be confused with OCD as patients also experience strong feelings and thoughts about certain issues. There are several approaches that are employed in the care of OCD patients. The treatments used include behavioral therapies, medications and cognitive behavioral therapy. Medications used are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and they include sertraline, paroxetine, cilatopram, and fluvoxamine (Domino, 2007). Medications are usually combined with cognitive behavioral therapy. The behavioral therapies usually include exposure therapy and ritual prevention therapy. For ritual prevention, the patients are helped to resist urges to engage in compulsive behavior for long while in exposure therapy individuals are subjected to the factors that compel them to behave compulsively and then helped to resist the urges (Hollander Stein, 1997). Cognitive behavioral therapy involves helping the patients to change their negative thoughts and behaviors. At other times, cognitive behavioral therapy is administered to a group. Response to treatment varies with age where medications are less effective in children and adolescents while adults respond well to treatment with a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and medications (Hollander Stein, 1997). References Domino, F. J. (2007). The 5-minute clinical consult. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Hollander, E. Stein, D. J. (1997). Obsessive compulsive disorders: diagnosis, etiology treatment. London: Informa health care Hyman, B. C. Pedrick, C. (2009). Obsessive compulsive disorder. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Jakes, I. (1996). Theoretical approaches to obsessive compulsive disorder. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press Lippincott Williams Wilkins. (2008). Nurse’s 3-minute clinical reference. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

Al-Ahsa Dialect :: Hasawi Dialect

1. INTRODUCTION. Hasawi is a variety of Arabic whose roots refer to the family of Central Semitic Languages such as Hebrew and Aramaic. The Hasawi dialect is spoken in the eastern part of Saudi Arabia, exactly in Al-Ahsa (Al-Hasaa) province. Therefore, the dialect of Al-Ahsa, or Hasawi (HD), is also known as the Eastern Arabian dialect. In fact, it is considered the dominant dialect in the area although there are other local dialects found in the same area, such as Badawi which is spoken by some Bedouins tribes. In 2009, the number of Hasawi speakers was estimated as 200,000 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ('Arabic, Gulf Spoken, Ethnologu', 2009). There are three reasons for selecting Hasawi for this study. First, there is little previous work related to Hasawi even though it is considered an enormous dialect because it is expanded to other Gulf countries, such as Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates. Thus, HD is also spoken as a minor dialect in the previous mentioned countries so that Hasawi is sometimes called Gulf Arabic 'Khaliji'. Secondly, the emergence of a new dialect a few years ago which is Modern Hasawi, a blend of old Hasawi and Najdi, threatens the existence of the original Hasawi in Saudi Arabia in spite of the massive expansion of the dialect to the neighboring countries. Finally, the dialect of Al-Ahsa is seen as a humorous matter among other Saudi dialects because it is hard to understand (Bassiouney, 2010). Probably the cause of such difficulty refers to the sociolinguistic impact of non-Arabian languages, such as Farsi 'Persian' and Turkish. However, it would be proven at the end of t his paper that this unattractive dialect has unique acoustic features. Hence, the overall goal of this study is to investigate the Hasawi plosive phonemes and how they shape different allophones. This paper is divided into five main sections: the first section is an introduction of the topic including an overview of the dialect; the second section is a review of the literature which includes brief previous related studies; the methodology used for this study is described in the third section; the fourth section demonstrates the findings of this study; and finally the conclusion. 1.1. RESEARCH QUESTIONS. †¢ Does Hasawi dialect have various allophones of its plosive sounds? If so, what phonemes are pronounced differently? †¢ What are the phonetic facts of Hasawi allophones? 1.2. PHONOLOGICAL BACKGROUND. This part of the first section presents the inventory of Hasawi phonemes as a good reference for Results section. Al-Ahsa Dialect :: Hasawi Dialect 1. INTRODUCTION. Hasawi is a variety of Arabic whose roots refer to the family of Central Semitic Languages such as Hebrew and Aramaic. The Hasawi dialect is spoken in the eastern part of Saudi Arabia, exactly in Al-Ahsa (Al-Hasaa) province. Therefore, the dialect of Al-Ahsa, or Hasawi (HD), is also known as the Eastern Arabian dialect. In fact, it is considered the dominant dialect in the area although there are other local dialects found in the same area, such as Badawi which is spoken by some Bedouins tribes. In 2009, the number of Hasawi speakers was estimated as 200,000 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ('Arabic, Gulf Spoken, Ethnologu', 2009). There are three reasons for selecting Hasawi for this study. First, there is little previous work related to Hasawi even though it is considered an enormous dialect because it is expanded to other Gulf countries, such as Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates. Thus, HD is also spoken as a minor dialect in the previous mentioned countries so that Hasawi is sometimes called Gulf Arabic 'Khaliji'. Secondly, the emergence of a new dialect a few years ago which is Modern Hasawi, a blend of old Hasawi and Najdi, threatens the existence of the original Hasawi in Saudi Arabia in spite of the massive expansion of the dialect to the neighboring countries. Finally, the dialect of Al-Ahsa is seen as a humorous matter among other Saudi dialects because it is hard to understand (Bassiouney, 2010). Probably the cause of such difficulty refers to the sociolinguistic impact of non-Arabian languages, such as Farsi 'Persian' and Turkish. However, it would be proven at the end of t his paper that this unattractive dialect has unique acoustic features. Hence, the overall goal of this study is to investigate the Hasawi plosive phonemes and how they shape different allophones. This paper is divided into five main sections: the first section is an introduction of the topic including an overview of the dialect; the second section is a review of the literature which includes brief previous related studies; the methodology used for this study is described in the third section; the fourth section demonstrates the findings of this study; and finally the conclusion. 1.1. RESEARCH QUESTIONS. †¢ Does Hasawi dialect have various allophones of its plosive sounds? If so, what phonemes are pronounced differently? †¢ What are the phonetic facts of Hasawi allophones? 1.2. PHONOLOGICAL BACKGROUND. This part of the first section presents the inventory of Hasawi phonemes as a good reference for Results section.

Top 10 Emerging Consumer Behavior Trends in Recession

Recession†¦a word that everyone these days has had at least once on their minds. Changes in our personal lifestyles and even professional directions could not help but happen. There is not so much freedom of realizing our plans and dreams. There is not so much passion any more in things that fueled us before. At the same time, the show must go on and if you are an observant marketer or a simple consumer, you must have started witnessing the following consumer trends driven by these challenging times. 1. Sellsuming† – the increased need for cash prompted most consumers become â€Å"sellsumers† as the folks behind April’s 2009 trendswatching report named them. Consumers become very creative in selling â€Å"extra† space, services or products. Great examples include: renting space (residential and even parking), reselling unwanted clothes, furniture, jewelry, providing expert advice or extra help in gardening and on. What have you done recently? 2. Fishing for low-cost entertainment – spending more time than money on entertainment, or getting entertained at home becomes another common pastime for recession-councious consumers. Some turn to online gaming, which is free and easily accessible, some arrange for more movie/favorite show nights using hulu. com or renting a bunch of DVDs on Netflix or elsewhere. According to emarketers’ analyst Paul Verna, â€Å"comScore’s measurements (up 27% more unique visits and 42% more total playing time in December 2008 than in December 2007) highlight the ongoing shift from high-cost, console-based gaming toward free, browser-based alternatives. † 3.  If affluent, buying more online with discretion – people with extra money now flock on web to keep their shopping lifestyle in a more discrete way. According to emarketers’ article, affluent shoppers comprise of one fourth of all US internet audience, mostly focusing on buying PCs and mobile devices. Online merchants – this is your audience to court these days! 4. Increased online services and social media usage – increased unemployment and job â€Å"insecurity† causes many people spend more time online while looking through the classified ads for jobs, services and then â€Å"some†. According to the Pew Research Center, the use of online classified advertising Websites doubled from 2005 to 2009. Emarketer also points out that â€Å"Twenty-two percent of US Internet users went on the sites in 2005, and in 2009, the proportion climbed to 49%. Daily use went from 4% to 9% in the same timeframe†. The â€Å"some† represents becoming more engaged in social networking sites to collectively share ideas, connections and any other information that simultaneously adds flavor to the trends # 6, 9 and 10. 5.  Smart shopping – looking for bargains offline and online becomes more usual pastime in efforts to economize on price and value, while trading in more time. Internet shopping again becomes a more preferable channel to accommodate this buying behavior. Do you use any of the shared secrets to get your best deals? 6. Increased propensity to social harmony – our natural inclination to re-prioritize our values in â€Å"cold and severe† economic climate drives us to spend more time with our families, friends and loved ones. We tend to turn to our families to get through the tough slides on the way. Companies that cater to these emerging â€Å"quality time† experiences can bolster loyalty and engagement of their existing customers and gain a number of new ones! 7. Increased value of health – focusing on health as the â€Å"real wealth† motivates increased popularity of engaging into various sports activities to maintain this â€Å"somewhat† controllable asset we all have. Finding happiness in health of bodies versus stock market is much more feasible and tangible. While gyms owners might ponder on this trend, consumers can still choose from a variety of free alternatives, including jogging, walking and biking. 8. Skills enhancement and training – laid off or not, people tend to become more genuinely interested in continuing their education to add value to their employability, or to cope with the reduced resources to maintain their career or a small business or to get distracted from the â€Å"depressed job market†. . More love and dating – who knew that recession induces romance? According to NYTimes, â€Å"Online and offline matchmakers are reporting that dating interest is up, way up. Match. com, for instance, had its strongest fourth quarter in the last seven years, and brick-and-mortar outfits like Amy Laurent International, a matchmaking service with outposts in New York, Los Angeles and Miami, say business is up 40 percent among women over the last four months. The reasons vary from more time on hands due to being unemployed or underemployed, more affordable way to meet singles online to seeking comfort in relationships during the difficult times (closer to trend # 6)! 10. Cooking from scratch to save and have fun – less money as discretional income translates into less often dining out and more cooking at home choices. Simultaniously, the propensity to cherish relationships and social affiliations drives consumers to arrange for more cookout get-togethers. Sharing a meal made from scratch both provides quality dining experience and befriends all engaged participants!

Inglourious Basterds

If you’re a fan for graphic and twisty turn war films, Inglourious Basterds just may be your movie to go to. The film has a unique â€Å"stab you in the back† feel throughout. We experience an alternative ending of World War II as the war ends in a bizarre twist compared to what actually happened. The movie uses black humor. Meaning, we sense a little humor throughout all the tense and serious scenes the characters go through. As for gore, don’t worry, we see a lot of bloody and violent scenes. The film still maintains the features that give it the war film genre so viewers looking for a war movie won’t be disappointed. The film is directed by Quentin Tarantino and features a well developed plot with an interesting cast of characters. The actors themselves are solid and do a good job keeping in character. The movie features the Basterds, a group intent on killing Nazis and only killing them. The dead are scalped while the rare survivors are allowed to escape with a Swastika carved on their foreheads. The leader of the Basterds, Lt. Aldo Raine, has a knack for carving the Swastika and believes he improves his skill after each carving he does. The Basterds receive a special mission that will allow them to assassinate several head officers of the Nazi Socialist Party, including Hitler. The film also follows the life of a Jew, Shosana, who barely escapes from being killed by the Nazis. She is fortunate to get the opportunity to get revenge on the Nazis. Several Nazi head officers, including Hitler, are coming to her cinema to watch the premiere of a Nazi film that will fuel Nazi Germany’s pride. The Basterds and Shosana have the same targets but are unaware of the other. Both are later intertwined within their own troubles and problems. Both end up in the same cinema with the same mission: to kill Hitler and his men. One problem ensues: they are not aware of each other The film is filled with various, colorful characters. First, Brad Pitt (Lt. Aldo) plays a fine leader of the Basterds with his Southern drawl and slick hair. His â€Å"no fear† attitude and witty remarks keeps a slightly less serious tone to the film. Eli Roth plays Donny Donowitz, also known as the â€Å"Bear Jew†. He puts on a quick show by beating the pulp out of Nazi heads with a baseball bat. Christoph Waltz, in my opinion, was the star of the movie despite being the villain. He plays Hans Landa the Jew Hunter and is a mastermind at finding them. Waltz shines as the film’s main villain by acting sweet and ignorant to his victims but later reveals his evil side. Also, the fact that he shows his knowledge for four different languages doesn’t hurt his brilliant side, either. Melanie Laurent (Shosana) plays her role fantastically. In the scenes after her near death experience, she puts on a fake but rather convincingly happy look, but, viewers know she is still hurting inside and her facial expressions tell us successfully. She always wears a smile, but there’s a glint of sadness in her slow movements. Hitler and Goebbels are portrayed as fools that lack leadership and intelligence. They are merely cast for humorous purposes as they are seen as silly buffoons during a meeting that discusses very important war material. The movie is supported by the right type of music. A gloomy, mellow tune fills our ears during a quiet French town scene. During introduction of certain characters, there is slightly humorous electric guitar chord that plays to maintain a metro soundtrack. Then it gets ridiculous as a tune fit for a parade fills the theater during the Nazi movie premiere massacre. The music matches the scenes perfectly at times. Whereas in times of subtle humor, the music may seem ridiculous but adds a nice humorous touch to it. Like many movies, Inglourious Basterds includes parodies and deeper meanings behind the actual storyline. The biggest part is the alternative ending to World War II in a bizarre and unimaginable way. I won’t mention the ending in order to not spoil the movie. Lt.  Aldo’s unusual interest in improving his skill in carving Swastikas on the foreheads of Nazis is oddly humorous in the twist of events he experiences. The movie also tells us a little bit of the brutality of the Nazis hunt for Jews. The Nazis were very diligent in attaining the Aryan race status they have desired by getting rid of Jews, who they see as inferior. The brutal killing of the Jew family in hiding in the first scene of the movie brings tension to the film. The movie also tells us that the war was costly and long of duration by introducing an alternate ending that ends the war sooner and with fewer casualties. Just by hearing a little about the film, we learn that the film features a group of soldiers going deep into enemy territory in order to fulfill a mission that is filled with danger in every corner. Sounds like a typical World War II movie. But, the reason why the Inglourious Basterds appeals to me is simply because it is different from the typical World War II and war movies. In most war movies, the â€Å"good† guys are portrayed as heroic and glorious people. Their goal is to defeat the enemy in order to maintain peace. However, in this film the â€Å"heroes† are rutal killers and show no mercy to their enemies, the Nazis: intent on scalping all of their victims and leaving barely any survivors. The film also mentions the use of deceit in order for the Allies to sneak through Axis officers. One humorous and different scene is when Lt. Raine attempts to sneak into the premiere with his men by pretending to be Italian. They know very little Italian and have poor accents at that. They believed they would be able to sneak past the security officer, Hans Landa, but find out Landa is, in fact, very fluent in Italian. This brings some laughs because viewers didn’t expect Landa to know so many languages (He knows English, French, and German, as well as Italian). During a scene like this, viewers expect to see the heroes to be able to sneak by. When Raine and his men are so close to blow the living life of Hitler and his officers, Landa captures them. The following scene will surprise viewers of the absurdity. From watching a little of Inglourious Basterds, I have realized that I can’t expect anything to happen because a totally aberrant event happens instead. This film goes beyond the ordinary and is a unique addition to the war film genre. Overall, the movie is different and Tarantino does a great job in portraying the war’s villains, Hitler and Goebbels as dumb idiots. The plot is filled with twists and turns and not in a cliched way. Viewers can see each other confused as to whether they should laugh or not at scenes that brings humor with a serious tone. The movie never strays away from the actual plot and Tarantino has brought upon us another great and ingenious film. The film is nowhere near â€Å"inglourious†.

6 High-Paying Business Management Jobs

6 High-Paying Business Management Jobs Pay disparities are not uncommon in the business world. Bosses tend to make more than their employees. Most managers are the highest paid employees in the company. But there are some management jobs that will net you more money than others. Here are six management positions that typically come with high salaries. Computer and Information Systems Manager Computer and information systems managers supervise computer-related activities in an organization. Common job titles include Chief Information Officer (CIO), Chief Technology Officer (CTO), IT Director, or IT Manager. Specific duties often vary by job title, organization size, and other factors, but commonly include analyzing technology needs, planning and installing computer and information systems, overseeing system security, and supervising other IT professionals. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the median annual wage for computer and information systems managers as $120,950, with the top 10 percent earning more than $187,200. A bachelor’s degree in computer or information science, as well as 5-10 years of work experience, is usually the minimum requirement for computer and information systems managers. However, many managers in this field have a masters degree and 10 years of work experience. Read more about earning a  management information systems degree. Marketing Manager Marketing managers oversee the marketing efforts of an organization. They work with sales, public relations, and other marketing and advertising professionals to estimate demand, identify target markets, develop pricing strategies, and maximize profits. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the median annual wage for marketing managers as $119,480, with the top 10 percent earning more than $187,200. Most marketing managers have at least a bachelors degree in marketing, but masters degrees are not uncommon in this field. Read more about earning a marketing degree. Financial Manager Financial managers are dedicated to monitoring and improving the financial health of an organization. Common job titles include Controller, Finance Officer, Credit Manager, Cash Manager, and Risk Manager. Most financial managers work on a team and act as an advisor to other executives. They may be responsible for reviewing reports, monitoring finances, preparing financial statements, analyzing market trends, and developing budgets. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the median annual wage for financial managers as $109,740, with the top 10 percent earning more than $187,200. A bachelors degree in business or finance plus five years of finance-related experience is usually the minimum requirement for financial managers. Many managers have a masters degree, professional certification, and 5 years of experience in related financial occupations, such as an accountant, auditor, financial analyst, or loan officer. Read more about earning a finance degree. Sales Manager Sales managers oversee the sales team for an organization. Although the level of duties can vary by organization, most sales managers focus their time on researching and assigning sales territories, establishing sales targets, training members of the sales team, determining budgets and pricing plans, and coordinating other sales operations. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the median annual wage for sales managers as $105,260, with the top 10 percent earning more than $187,200. Sales managers typically need a bachelors degree in sales or business in addition to several years of experience as a sales representative. Some sales managers have a masters degree. Read more about earning a  sales management degree. Human Resources Manager Human resources managers have many responsibilities, but their primary duty is to act as a link between an organization’s managers and its employees. In large organizations, human resources managers often specialize in a specific area, such as recruiting, staffing, training, and development, labor relations, payroll, or compensation and benefits. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the median annual wage for human resources managers as $99,720, with the top 10 percent earned more than $173,140. A bachelors degree in human resources or a related field is the minimum educational requirement. However, many human resources managers have a masters degree as well as several years of related work experience. Read more about earning a human resources degree. Health Services Manager Also known as healthcare executives, health care administrators, or healthcare managers, health services managers oversee the operations of medical facilities, clinics, or departments. Duties can include supervising employees, creating schedules, organizing records, ensuring compliance with regulations and laws, budget management, and record management. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the median annual wage for health services managers as $88,580, with the top 10 percent earning more than $150,560. Health services managers need at least a bachelor’s degree in health services, healthcare management, long-term care administration, public health or public administration, but masters degrees in these fields or business administration are not uncommon. Read more about earning a healthcare management degree.

The Signal-Man by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by HG Wells Essay Example

The Signal The Signal-Man by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by HG Wells Paper The Signal-Man by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by HG Wells Paper Essay Topic: Best Worst American Stories In the Waiting Room Literature The Haunting Of Hill House For my essay I am going to compare The Signal-Man by Charles Dickens (1866) and The Red Room by H. G Wells (1896). I am going to look at how the writers have crafted their language and structure to produce a growing sense of tension and intrigue. Herbert George Wells was born on September 21st 1866, in Bromley, Kent. He was educated at the Normal School of Science in London. He worked as a drapers apprentice, bookkeeper, tutor, and journalist then in 1885 he became a full-time writer. H. G Wells is best known for his science fiction novels, which often depict the triumphs of technology and also the horrors of 20th century warfare. He also wrote closely about his own experiences and ordeals. Wells died at the age of 80 years, on August 13th, 1946, in London. Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on February 7th, 1812, in Portsmouth, but spent most of his life in London and Kent. He started school at the age of nine, but soon was removed to support his family when his father was imprisoned for debt. Dickens was humiliated by this, and in one of his novels almost completely re-told the story in David Copperfield (1849-1850). He later returned to school, but he was mostly self-educated. He had worked in a shoe-polishing factory as a boy; later on he worked as a legal clerk, a reporter at Parliament and then for his uncles publication The Mirror of Parliament. He also worked for another publication called The Morning Chronicle. Through this he managed to get his works published. He became hugely popular. Dickens died on June 9th, 1870 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. These two writers have a substantial time gap in writing terms. Wells is at the time when modernism is just about to appear, whereas Dickens is in the middle of the more traditional ways of writing. He was a leading figure in Victorian realism. Dickens offers a more formal and traditional style, whereas Wells was just starting to bend them. At the time of Dickens there would not have been the excitement and fear of the new discoveries in science that was around in Wells time. This gave Wells a new type of horror to write about. Both writers lived near or were born in the Kent area. Their surroundings and maybe even experiences would have been very similar. These experiences often appeared in both writers works. Each of their publications reflected past experiences and places that they had seen; although they are very far apart, the way in which they gathered information is very similar. The Red Room is set at Lorraine castle. The first person narrator is a middle-aged man who is investigating claims of a spectre in a certain room in the castle. Three elderly custodians warn him of going to the room. He ignores their cautionary words and ventures up the draughty subterranean passage. A frightening event happens within the room and the man is knocked unconscious. He wakes the following morning to find the elderly people watching him. He has found there is no ghost there at all but something that we cannot control: the fears of fear itself. The Signal-Man is set about a extremely deep railway cutting in the countryside. A rambler, who is the first person narrator, comes across the cutting and finds there to be a signalman working there. They talk on and off for two nights, and to the ramblers surprise learns that the signalman has been seeing a spectre. Each time the signalman sees the spectre an accident occurs soon after. The signalman also tells the rambler that he has recently seen the spectre, and that it was doing a certain action. The following day the rambler finds that the Signalman (was) killed this morning. Although the ghost story has been around since the earliest times it came into its own in the latter half of the 19th century when new events were occurring such as breakthroughs in science and the disintegration of religion. Charles Darwins theory on evolution was changing the way in which people saw their religion; they were starting to question it more. People were afraid of the far-reaching scientists who may go too far. A writer named Mary Shelley played on this particular fear, she created Dr. Frankenstein in which a scientist collects body parts and injects life into the dead limbs, so the creature lives. This links to the gothic novel in ways such as the setting, being dark and foreboding. Uncertainty was all around, people feared what they did not understand. They did not want the change that would come with these new findings. So the writers of the time played on these fears and concerns. They explored the depths of the human psyche, which was inspired by Sigmund Freud who was just beginning to explore the mind in the late 19th century. His work prepared the ground for the breakthroughs in psychology that would contribute towards modernism. The writers were trying to get a story that would affect many people. These stories were also an escape from the harsh life of Victorian Britain. The settings of Victorian ghost stories are often a remote castle or graveyard in a wild and foreboding landscape, with night approaching or with darkness already there. These settings have their roots in gothic novels; the traditions have simply been carried on. Quite often the victim of the story was a solitary person. In The Red Room the twenty-eight year old man stands in the first room with deep-toned, old-fashioned furniture. There is also a queer mirror which abbreviates, broadens and makes the onlooker more sturdy on the opposite wall, suggesting distortion to the onlooker. The presumed housekeepers room is warm but also has an air of age and malice to it. The door to the room is large and Baize covered this hints at a large holding. The passageway is chilly, echoing, long, draughty, subterranean and dusty this is building tension because of the darkness and isolation that the passageway holds. The only light that is in the passageway is by candlelight, which casts vivid black shadows across the walls. This creates atmosphere and tension by giving the man moving, creeping shadows to walk through, the shadows cower and quiver and the he has no idea of what is just out of sight. When he reaches the large sombre room it has corners and alcoves filled with germinating darkness. The darkness of parts of the room suggests that something may be hiding there, That odd suggestion of a lurking, living thing. Wells uses personification here to make the room alive and more frightening, suggesting that at any moment anything could appear and confront the man. Giving the whole castle suggestions of an insidious presence. The room has a perfect stillness which usually suggests that something is imminent, like the calm before the storm. This adds to the growing tension by making the reader have an expectation of what will happen. The actual name of the room the red room suggests that something has happened there before, a murder perhaps due to the red part of the name which points to blood. When the candles begin to extinguish the room turns darker and more foreboding. After the man had knocked himself unconscious he woke to the daylight, now the reader knows that nothing will happen. The daylight makes everything reveal itself; things that were there in the darkness have disappeared. The daylight diminishes the minds questions and its panic, since it can see everything nothing can harm you. The mind no longer runs away with itself in thoughts of the worst-case scenarios. The settings of The Red Room are very much the stereotypical gothic Victorian ghost story, the castle with the old and dusty furniture. The opening parts to The Signal-Man occur at sunset, when everything is nearing dark. This is indicative of an event happening in the near future. The cutting is surrounded by countryside, so if there were a problem you could not get help. In The Signal-Man the railway cutting is very intimidating. The cutting was extremely deep as if the rambler is going into a different world, it struck a chill to me, as if I had left the natural world. The only sign that the real world was still there was a strip of sky. The tunnel is massive, barbarous, depressing and has a forbidding air it is a very secluded and threatening place to be. The entrance to the tunnel has a gloomy red light and with the great dungeon behind it, it almost suggests that it leads to hell. The red light is suggestive of the flames and the tunnel, the darkness of hell. The cutting kills all good thought and provokes depression and misery with its solitary and dismal depths. The small hut, which has a fire, is much more welcoming than the environment around it. Over the two nights they talk they always meet and talk at night. This is done so that the reader thinks that something may happen, which the two men cannot see since it is just out of sight. The final day occurs during sunlight, this conveys to the reader that nothing will happen, giving the reader a false sense of security. The setting of the story is much is line with the typical gothic Victorian ghost story. But the railway cutting is different from the usual castle setting yet they still share the isolation and concealment from the world. The Red Room and The Signal-Man have similarities and differences. One thing they have in common is that both settings are dark, cold and intimidating, but The Red Room is more in line with the traditional ghost genre than The Signal-man is, since it has the typical castle and only a single character. Each story has its own tunnel or passageway, creating mystery and tension; they pose such questions as what is in the tunnel/passageway? What is at the end of the tunnel/passageway? Both stories end with daylight, creating a safer atmosphere in the readers mind. They each use the daylight to deceive the reader into thinking nothing will happen, then the writers surprise them with their twists in the ending. If the writers had ended their stories at night then the readers would have anticipated the ending, giving no surprise or shock to the reader. The Red Room has four characters, with one being the main character. The three elderly custodians who appear at the beginning and at the end of the story add suspense and set the scene. The way Wells uses the word custodians to describe the three elderly people is unusual because, apart from meaning that they are the caretakers of the castle, it may also imply that they hold all the keys. Custodian also suggests a prison guard, keeper or guardian; this could say that the castle is a sort of prison that men and women have died in, and that the young man is unlikely to get out either. The first elderly man is not described in much detail, but what Wells has said about him is that he has a withered arm and has a positive dislike for the second elderly man. The woman with her pale eyes wide open sat staring hard into the fire as if she was looking for something. She sways her head slowly from side to side displaying an unstable, maybe even mad mind. She mumbles more to herself than to anyone in the room (This night of all nights), this adds to the tension and even warns the man that something will happen. She may have even seen the event that happens later in the story. Which so disturbed her that she has turned into the state she is in currently. The third superannuated man is more bent, more wrinkled, more aged even than the first he adds a slight touch of antediluvian and evil to the room. With his small, bright, inflamed red eyes and his lower lip, half-averted, hung pale and pink from his decaying yellow teeth. His eyes seem to be permanently in shadow and his health appears to be failing, he began to cough and splutter. When the young man leaves the room he looks back to find them all close together, dark against the firelight, staring at me over their shoulders, with an intent expression upon their ancient faces. This to me is quite a haunting image, the three of them together, almost like they are plotting against the him. Wells explains more about them collectively than he does individually: they seemed to belong to another age, an older age an age when omens and ghosts beyond denying. Their very existence was spectral. This increases tension by adding mystery, and commenting that they were very spectral may point to the reality that they were in fact the ghosts that inhabited the castle, fashions born in dead brains. The human qualities seem to drop from the old people insensibly day by day this quote says that the elderly peoples life seeps and ebbs away continually, and that there appearances are no longer human. The narrator is eight and twenty years and tries to keep himself at a matter-of-fact phase but fails when the oddness of these three old pensioners affects him in his spirit. He is able to return to his former state of mind soon after with an effort I sent such thoughts to the right-about, but he then faces a dark and unsettling journey. When he reaches the corridor he stops abruptly because he has the impression of someone crouching to waylay me his nerves are such that he mistakes a person for a Ganymede and Eagle (a statue). When the narrator enters the room his mind is starting to fill with thoughts of previous events that had occurred in the room, events that will not help his nerves The great red room of Lorraine Castle, in which the young duke had died. To make himself more comfortable of his surroundings, the young man Began to walk about the room, peering round each article of furniture to make sure nothing or no one was there that could harm him. He also makes sure of the fastening of the door to reassure himself that nothing could get-in. To reassure himself even more he had pulled up a chintz-covered armchair and a table, to form a kind of barricade and on this lay my revolver ready to hand. His state of mind is obviously not good, since to go to the lengths of putting a revolver in front of him just in case is a huge overreaction. He must believe that something was in the room; otherwise he would not take such precautions to protect himself. His mind is overreacting to the shadows and deep recesses of the room, his mind is panicking him, not the room. He knows this and states, I was in a state of considerable nervous tension, although to my reason there was no adequate cause for the condition. To rid himself of the shadows, he decides to bring in more candles from the corridor, seventeen in all. These were so arranged that not an inch of darkness was showing to make the man nervous. Snuffing the candles gives him a job that keeps his mind occupied. Just after midnight the candle in an alcove went out by Jove that draughts a strong one the man said to himself, comforting himself with the sound of his voice. Then consecutively, each candle seemingly extinguished itself, at the same time the narrator is almost frantic with horror of the coming darkness. My self-possession deserted me his mind can no longer retain his self-control. When the last flames distinguished the darkness crushed the last vestiges of reason from my brain he then tries in a vain effort to thrust that ponderous blackness away from me. He then remembers the moonlit corridor just outside the door. And with my head bowed and my arms over my face, made a run for the door, but unfortunately he forgets the exact position of the door and strikes himself heavily on a piece of furniture. At this point his mind is in a complete state of panic, he continued to batter himself against the bulky furniture until a heavy blow on the forehead ends his blind hysteria. When he awakes the next morning his mind was much clearer and calmed. He now realises that he had seen and thought things that were not there, fear that will not bear with reason that deafens and darkens and overwhelms. It followed me through the corridor, it fought against me in the room. A famous quote made by an American president fits very well into the experience of the narrator, there is nothing to fear, except fear itself. The room held nothing but shadows; it was fear that made the man run after the diminishing light. The Signal-Man has one narrator and another main character, there are also three men introduced towards the end. When the signalman is first addressed, he seems to ignore it and turned himself about and looked down the line instead of looking at the rambler above him. The signalman is a dark sallow man, with a dark beard and rather heavy eyebrows there is a use of repetition here to get the point of the mans darkness across. The first conversation the signalman and the rambler hold, is stiff and uncertain. At one point when the rambler turns he detected in his eyes some latent fear of me when questioned upon this the signalman asks whether or not the rambler has ever been to the red light. He answers no and then the signalmans manner clears. The signalman has enough responsibility to bear; but exactness and watchfulness were required of him he cares deeply about his work and it weighs heavily upon him. The rambler also learns that the signalman is remarkably exact and vigilant and is the most appropriate man for the position. Every time the electric bell rang he would break of the conversation and would not speak until all the work had been done. The signalman broke off speaking twice turned his face towards the little bell when it did not ring he would then look towards the red light. When he returned, he had an inexplicable air upon him, so whatever he had seen had either frightened him or made him worried about something. The signalman also speaks of something troubling him, but would not disclose it until their next meeting. This may have been so that the signalman could find the right way to tell the rambler. When the men were outside, the signalman asked when you come tomorrow night, dont call out a very mysterious question to ask. It may mean that he did not want to be frightened the way he had that evening. The signalman discloses what he has been seeing the next night; he is obviously not afraid of the spectre but is afraid of what will happen after it has gone. He still has his rational thought and mind, even though the rambler suggests otherwise, but is proved correct the next morning. The rambler is a very mysterious character, we are never told what he looks like, or what he is wearing, we are only told of his thoughts and actions. To be able to suggest that the signalman was a spirit, not a man may show that he has some belief in the supernatural. When he is told of the signalmans sights he tries to stop the slow touch of a frozen finger tracing out my spine so is a little frightened by this but immediately comes up with a more probable explanation the figure must be a deception of his sense of sight. When he was informed of the first accident that occurred soon after the seeing, a disagreeable shudder crept over me he comforted himself by saying remarkable coincidences did continually occur. But when told of the second accident his mouth was very dry and he could think of nothing to say these coincidences had affected him. When told of the ringing bell that did not ring he regained his composure, he took the signalman to the door to prove that it was not there. Once they resumed their seats the rambler began to think that it was the man himself that was the problem. It was mental torture of a conscientious man, oppressed beyond endurance by an unintelligible responsibility involving life the rambler believes the signalman; even though he precise in his work should be discharged from working otherwise he will brake under the pressure. He does state when he has left the hut that he does not like the red light Nor, did I like the two sequences of the accident this shows he is still human but just does not believe the proceeding events. The following day when he is walking he experiences nameless horror at the sight of a man by the red light, but to his relief finds it to be just a man. In going down to investigate the tarpaulin he learns of the signal mans death, and the words in which the signalman and himself had repeated, I said, below there! Look out! Look out! For Gods sake clear the way! were last things said to the signalman. He now knows that the signalman was correct but paid a high price. In both stories the writers withhold all characters names, this adds mystery and a touch of the unknown to the stories. It makes the reader wonder about who they really are, if theyre good or not, whether theyve just been released from prison a man who had been shut-up within narrow limits or are have genuine intentions. It makes the reader unsure of whom to trust, so they come into the story with an open mind instead of just trusting their narrator. When I first read the sentence from The Signal Man (above quote) I thought that it might have been the narrator who was the ghost, because the narrow limits could also be portrayed as a coffin, in which he had just been released. Each story describes the other characters more than the main one, but the writers keep description to the minimum. The main characters in both stories are male; this may be because they were considered more trustworthy and reliable than their female counterparts who would make the stories less believable. I think that the young man in The Red Room is the most believable character out of all of them; Wells displays his thoughts very vividly so you can almost feel what he is going through. The Red Room is written in the first person, this gives the reader the thoughts of the young man as he goes through the story. It conveys his fears, which the reader can relate to, giving the reader a sense of being there as it happens. A disadvantage to writing in the first person is that the reader knows the young man will survive the stay in the red room. The Red Room opens in the middle of a conversation, putting the reader immediately in story. Tension would be present from the start due to the young man saying, it will take a very tangible ghost to frighten me this gives the reader a hint at what the story will be about. The elderly man also invites intrigue when stating that it is your own choosing making the presumed trip sound dangerous which heightens the tension. When the third man comes in , chilling descriptions are used to add even more tension, red eyes from under shade. When the young man journeys through the passageway tension is built by his frightened thoughts someone crouching to waylay me. There is a trough in the tension when he realises it is only a statue, he then feels calmer and controls his thoughts. The reader then thinks nothing will happen for a while. When he enters the room it is dark and shadowy, tension builds with his thoughts about the remoter darkness of the place things that could hurt him are just of sight. The revolver is there to heighten the tension; it does this by making the reader think it is going to be used, the reader expects it. He solves his problems by bringing in candles that abolish the penumbra and dark corners. This settles his nerves and his mind; the reader then perceives that since there is light and cheeriness in the room nothing will happen, this is where there is a trough in the tension. Then just after midnight tension rockets with the disappearing light, his actions are wild and frantic. But the tension then drops when he knocks himself out and wakes up to daylight. Nothing can happen to him in daylight. The explanation of fear depending upon the reader may cause the tension to rise or fall. Wells uses tension to create a roller coaster ride for the reader, one moment the reader expects nothing to happen but then it does. I entered, closed the door behind me at once, turned the key I found in the lock within, stood with the candle held aloft, surveying the scene of the my vigil, the great red room of Lorraine Castle, in which the young duke had died this extended sentence is there to make it sound as if the man is doing the actions, going through the paces of entering, locking the door and turning around. This displays his minds thoughts, which are quick and short, showing unease. The Signal Man is also written in the first person, this enables the reader to have an insight into the narrators thoughts. The story opens to dialogue, putting the reader straight into the story. The reticence of the signalman to tell the rambler how to get down is suspicious and adds suspense. There is a tension between the two men when they first meet, this will also add to the suspense. After they have finished talking and the rambler is about to leave the signalman says I am troubled t is very difficult to impart if you make me another visit, I will try to tell you this adds tension by making the reader wonder what is troubling the signalman. There is a trough in the tension when the rambler leaves the signalman, but the next night there is jump in tension because the signalman is waiting for the rambler when he returns the following night. The thing that was troubling the signalman is disclosed to the rambler, the tension would rise quickly. But the narrator is doubtful and leaves some hours later, the tension would fall again. The following evening when the rambler is walking he sees a man by the red light, thinking that it is the spectre he experiences a moment of Nameless horror this would relate back to the reader, increasing the tension radically. The tension would then fall, because the narrator sees it is only a man, but then sees the tarpaulin. The tension would go through the roof when the rambler finds that the signalman is dead and what the signalman had said to him the night before came true. Dickens creates tension and then dissipates it to make the reader unsure of what will happen next, which engages the reader and entices them to read on further. Both writers use short sentences to convey actions at a time of nervousness. Each writer makes use of the troughs and peaks of tension in their story. Making sure the reader cannot tell what will happen next. The Red Room is dynamic and upbeat because the storyline introduces new thoughts and actions often, whereas The Signal Man is slower and more stagnant because most of the story is concentrated on the conversations between the two men. The stories are written in the first person giving the reader a first hand view of what is happening. This enables the emotions of the narrator to get across easily to the reader, making the story more real. Both stories were written in 19th century, so the language is slightly archaic, atavistic apoplexy. The archaic language adds tension to the writing by giving it an old air, which is appropriate for the ghost story. The Red Room uses a lot of figurative language, mainly personification to create images in the readers mind, giving them a different way to see the story. The reader can relate to it more if they can see a picture than just words. The use of figurative language starts when he is in the passageway. The shadows cower and quiver this is a good use of personification; it makes the shadows move like they were alive. Cower and quiver are actions that something does when they are scared, so if the shadows are scared then it does not bode well for the young man. A shadow came sweeping up after me and one fled before me into the darkness are both quotes of personification, the shadows move quickly and alarmingly about the man. Lifting the tension because there is almost a point of no return for the man, since they are behind him as well as in front, this also gives the reader a taster of things to come. On one page there are three metaphors, germinating darkness this makes the darkness like an infestation that spreads quickly about the room, it could also mean that the darkness vegetates in his mind making it larger and darker than it really is. My candle was a little tongue of light in its vastness making the room huge and the darkness overwhelming, the candle is not enough to explore all of its hidden depths. And left an ocean of mystery, the ocean means a vastness, endlessness of mystery, with nothing moving or making a sound. But his mind is still full with thoughts. It is the stillness that is frightening, the stillness is not right to his mind; things should be moving or making a sound, but are not. The candles in the room are cheery and reassuring but after midnight the Black shadows sprang back, personification is used here to create the effect of a rapid and sudden darkness that fell upon the room. The fear of the man is portrayed in mostly personification, such as the shadows I feared and fought against returned, and crept in upon me a lot of tension is added with the word crept it suggests a quiet and slow advance of the shadows, that would prolong his nightmare. Like a ragged storm cloud sweeping out the stars is a fantastic simile, it conjures a great storm raging above in my mind. The images of the storm blocking the starlight are great, they are perfect comparisons to the darkness and light. The extended piece of figurative language towards the ending, darkness closed upon me like the shutting of an eye, wrapped about me in a stifling embrace, sealed my vision, and crushed the last vestiges of reason from my brain reflects the sheer panic and terror the man is going through. The writer has used similes and personification throughout the sentence. The first few words of the line describe how quickly the darkness came, the shutting of the eye may indicate death and now that he is in total dark he will not get out alive. Darkness wrapping about him means that the blackness is total and all around, the stifling embrace of the darkness about the man means that it holds him tightly and will not let him go. Crushing the last vestiges from his brain indicates that he has lost complete control of his thought, his mind is thinking on its own and not producing any good thoughts. The writing is long and dynamic, which is a reflection on how fast and how out of control his thoughts are. This reveals the narrators mind and body are out of control. The penultimate paragraph describes the mans black fear as an extended piece of personification, followed me lurks creeps follow deafens. This amount of personification is needed to reinforce the idea that fear is a human attribute that we make, not a room or house. The very last line is cryptic there is fear in that room and there will be- so long as this house of sin endures the reader then asks themselves a number of questions. What has happened to the room/house to make it sinful? How has the sin of the house made people fear that particular room? This ending makes the story unfinished, as a reader this is annoying, but it also makes the story more sinister and malign. Dickens uses more literal language to craft his narrative. Although he does make use of figurative language it is far less apparent than his application of literal language. His descriptions of the environment and characters are very controlled and precise. He relies heavily upon the choice of noun, verb, adverb and adjective to craft his vivid imagery. The narrative shows that Dickens is a Realist writer since it is precise and exact. The description of the cutting has adjectival imagery littered throughout, such adjectives as angry deep violent deadly. These are negative adjectives implying darkness and evil. They get a clear message across that the cutting has a malicious air. The tension of the story is done almost completely on the use of adjectives. Adjectives set the tone for the story; they also add tension and darker tones to it. Dickens uses adjectival images throughout the story, some include daunted damp arbarous monstrous these continue to keep the story sombre and morose. The use of figurative language is limited to just a few instances, one being an angry sunset personification is used to give the atmosphere an even more menacing air. This story was written in 1866, the writing is very cynical maybe the rambler thoughts were the writers own. This was a time when people were starting not to believe ghosts and the supernatural. The verbs and adjectives used are also an indicator to what time the story was written, as I perused the fixed eyes and saturnine face, peru

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How television violence affect children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How television violence affect children - Essay Example This paper then will aim to investigate the issue of television violence with respect to promotional campaigns, seeking for a clearer understanding of the ways by which advertisements for violent amusement products function to attract the young viewer’s attention (ibid). Disputes about the media’s influence on children are frequently grounded on assumptions of developmental psychology, which claims that children lack the cognitive capability to discriminate commercial meanings from other media content, and hence are views as particularly vulnerable. Numerous researches have surveyed the effects of mediated violence, frequently assuming that a relationship, either correlative or contributory, is present between a child’s exposure to provoked violence and his or her eventual expressions of real physical violence. Such investigations usually argue that children exposed to television violence will sooner or later come to accept manifestations of violence in actual world backgrounds, be they real physical attacks or violent ideas and sentiments (Evra 1990). This has guided a number of researchers to conclude that the relationship between mediated and real violence in children is in reality causal. As such as theories of developmental psychology argue that children acquire awareness of societal expectations through observing and imitating the actions and behaviors of others, it has been claimed that even short term exposure to provoked violence augments to the threat that young viewers’ future behaviors will be typified by intensified physical or emotional hostility or aggression. Yet, to date, majority of the studies have put emphasis on violence enclosed in the entertainment channels themselves, discarding promotional campaigns for, and deep-seated within such programs. Only currently have the advertising messages for and within amusement products been provided any thorough analysis

Use of Technology and Social Media in Preaching Assignment

Use of Technology and Social Media in Preaching - Assignment Example Use of Technology and Social Media in Preaching Preachers and listeners hold and express doctrines of the Spirit with huge disparities. However, the absence of the power of God reduces the delivery of the sermon to a sad repeat. Preaching is also description and address. In a properly understood narration, the story of Jesus must carry and express word of address to listeners. Preaching is done intentionally to he listeners and as such the indicative mood carries the importance in its bosom. Likewise, speaking that takes to the hearers but does not possess content of faith is not preaching. Finally preaching is both private and public. It is private in the sense that the process of preparation creates a strong sense of ownership to the preacher (Johnston 2011, 108). In his book, Giving Blood, The Art and Craft of Interactive Preaching, Leonard Sweet’s fundamental questions addresses the kind of communication style best reverberates in a social and technological world. This social world is depicted by platforms of Twitter, G oogle, ipads/phones and Facebook best abbreviated as TGiF. Sweet takes a thorough analysis and tries to find out whether this communication mode is deductive, inductive, and abductive or is just something else. For instance, Twitter handle offers an avenue for better discipleship and offers a platform for ministry. Important to note about twitter is the categorical principle of followership because it fundamentally involves who you are following and who your followers are. This social platform is a constant reminder that every happening does not entirely depend on leadership but rather on followership. Followership involves two orientations namely: who am I following and who is following me. Just like apostle Paul said, â€Å"Follow me as I follow Christ†, twitter provides an avenue where one constantly reframes himself. This reframing is especially geared towards conforming to acts performed by Jesus including being gracious, forgiving, loving and acting as a discipler who h elps his flock (Sweet 2008, 157). Social platforms offer great quotes that have an impact on a multitude of crowds. An analogy is depicted that if one is unable to say a statement in everyday’s words, then probably he or she does not comprehend it. As such, the platforms provide unique channels where one is able to eloquently state the message that reaches out. The gospel is expressed with immediacy and terseness on a number of teachings that Christ advocated or. Social network sites basically involve the simple stuff every common human being is able to connect with even at personal levels. Social media offers a common ground for global undertakings throughout the world and even in churches and parishes across the world. Through the social media, questions on whether the listeners or partakers of the message connect with the global community are addressed. Additionally, under common global concern, the listeners of the messages are encouraged to act as mirrors to others and l ead by example. It is also through the social sites that a preacher may find social solitude. By this a preacher is shut off his undertakings while simultaneously giving back to the society without hiding. Therefore, Sweet advocates for the use of social media in preaching and this is in tandem with the above mentioned reasons (Sweet 2008, 136). Another great piece of work by Leonard Sweet is the book Viral: How Social Networking Is Poised to Ignite Revival by Leonard Sweet. This book equally plays a fundamental role in addressing the role

OSHA Workplace Safety and Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

OSHA Workplace Safety and Security - Assignment Example 3. The NFPA 704 diamond helps employees, as well as firefighters, know what hazards are in buildings. Name the four areas of the diamond, including the associated colors. For an extra two points, explain the numbers that you might find in the diamond; which indicates most hazardous and least hazardous. The four areas of the diamond are red (flammability), blue (health), yellow (instability), and white (special area with water or oxidization). Numbers inside the diamond range from zero (indicating minimal hazard) to four (indicating severe hazard). 4. Why was the NFPA founded in 1896? The NFPA’s mission is to reduce the worldwide burden of fire and other hazards on peoples’ quality of life by â€Å"providing and advocating consensus codes and standards, research, education, and training.† 5. Please match the following terms from chapter 8 with the following definitions. Each answer is only used once. (Hint---Get the subparts out of the way first) A. NFPA 101 X B. Flammable liquid X C. Boiling point X D. Emergency action plan X E. Flammable liquid rooms X.  

Jehovah's witnesses Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jehovah's witnesses - Case Study Example This discussion seeks to apply the provisions of the Case Treatment of Jehovahs witnesses, to analyze the issue of abortion. While the Jehovah’s witnesses have a strong stand against receiving any form of treatment for any member of their community, no matter whether such members are adults, teens or children, the issue of abortion is completely different. While approached from the religious perspective, children are a gift from God, whose life does not start when they are born but rather at the time they are conceived (Beckwith, 47). In this respect, the procurement of abortion is the same as committing murder, since it amounts to killing a living human being. In this respect, the practice of abortion is an evil that the society should not commit. Thus, the society should also treat the issue of abortion the same way the Jehovahs witnesses treats the issue of medical treatment. According to the Case Treatment of Jehovahs witnesses, Medical treatment for the Jehovahs witnesses is an issue that is highly prohibited and authoritative, and which may lead to many unintended consequences. For the Jehova hs witnesses, treatment is not allowed may it be for adults, teenagers or children, making it highly unlikely that abortion in whichever format would be acceptable in this society. In the case, Georgette Malette was a 57-year old woman who sued a physician for the treatment that saved her life. She received a blood transfusion which was necessary to save her life after she was engaged in a road accident that had killed her husband. Since she was unconscious, the physician administered blood transfusion oblivious of the fact that Georgette had a card on her purse that required that no blood should be administered under any circumstances. Thus, despite the fact that Georgette’s life was only saved by the blood transfusion she received from

OSHA Workplace Safety and Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

OSHA Workplace Safety and Security - Assignment Example 3. The NFPA 704 diamond helps employees, as well as firefighters, know what hazards are in buildings. Name the four areas of the diamond, including the associated colors. For an extra two points, explain the numbers that you might find in the diamond; which indicates most hazardous and least hazardous. The four areas of the diamond are red (flammability), blue (health), yellow (instability), and white (special area with water or oxidization). Numbers inside the diamond range from zero (indicating minimal hazard) to four (indicating severe hazard). 4. Why was the NFPA founded in 1896? The NFPA’s mission is to reduce the worldwide burden of fire and other hazards on peoples’ quality of life by â€Å"providing and advocating consensus codes and standards, research, education, and training.† 5. Please match the following terms from chapter 8 with the following definitions. Each answer is only used once. (Hint---Get the subparts out of the way first) A. NFPA 101 X B. Flammable liquid X C. Boiling point X D. Emergency action plan X E. Flammable liquid rooms X.  

Reflection Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Reflection Paper - Assignment Example Corruption has lead to the failure of democracy and good governance in the states that have been hit by this catastrophic. For example in Zimbabwe citizens just hear the word democracy but they haven’t yet experienced it. President Mugabe has used his political power to influence the election so as to favor him to continue be the president. This is an infringement to the rights of the voting citizens who are forced now to be led by a person they haven’t chosen. Since corruption influenced the electioneering process, definitely the governance will not be to the standard. This is because the president has to do a favor to those who supported his candidature and helped in rigging. According to (Fraser, 2007) this favors comes in form of appointment of public offices. The efficiency in the government to dispense service now become a tall order, since the one appointed is chasing his objective of gathering more wealth from the public. It has been noted that most cash got from illegal activities are not banked in the local banks but rather they are moved to other foreign banks. For instance in Nigeria between 1960 to 1999 their leaders had swiss bank accounts and within that period more than $400 had been moved from national treasury without being accounted for (Fraser, 2007). This clearly shows that the leaders have no interest of the people whom they serve. That large amount of fund being moved in an economy creates a financial deficit leads to inflation. Industrialization has brought with it benefits and tragedy too. The problem comes in with management of the waste products. Most companies in Africa receive political backing maybe because they financed the election campaign of the leader who is current in office. The company will use that on their advantage to fail to manage its waste products at the expense of citizens simply because a certain leader will protect them through thick and thin politically. This has

Hydro Power Essay Example for Free

Hydro Power Essay Worldwide, hydropower plants produce about 24 percent of the worlds electricity and supply more than 1 billion people with power. The worlds hydropower plants output a combined total of675,000 megawatts, the energy equivalent of 3.6 billion barrels of oil, according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. There are more than 2,000 hydropower plants operating in the United States, making hydropower the countrys largest renewable energy source. In this article, well take a look at how falling water creates energy and learn about the hydrologic cycle that creates the water flow essential for hydropower. You will also get a glimpse at one unique application of hydropower that may affect your daily life. 1.INTRODUCTION The basic principle of hydropower is that if water can be piped from a certain level to a lower level, then the resulting water pressure can be used to do work. If the water pressure is allowed to move a mechanical component then that movement involves the conversion of the potential energy of the water into mechanical energy. Hydro turbines convert water pressure into mechanical shaft power, which can be used to drive an electricity generator, a grinding mill or some other useful device. 2.HistoryThe use of falling water as a source of energy is known for a long time. In the ancient times waterwheels were used already, but only at the beginning of the nineteenth century with the invention of the hydro turbine the use of hydropower got a new impulse.Small-scale hydropower was the most common way of electricity generating in the early 20th century. In 1924 for example in Switzerland nearly 7000 small scale hydropower stations were in use. The improvement of distribution possibilities of electricity by means of high voltage transmission lines caused fainted interest in small scale hydropower.Renewed interest in the technology of small scale hydropower started in China. Estimates say that between 1970 and 1985 nearly 76,000 small scale hydro stations have been built there! 3.Advantages and disadvantagesHydropower is a very clean source of energy. It does not consume but only uses the water, after use it is available for other purposes (although on a lower horizontal level). The conversion of the potential energy of water into mechanical energy is a technology with a high efficiency (in most cases double that of conventional thermal power stations).The use of hydropower can make a contribution to savings on exhaustible energy sources. Each 600 kWh of electricity generated with a hydro plant is equivalent to 1 barrel of oil (assuming an efficiency of 38 % for the conversion of oil into electricity). The main advantages of hydropower are: * power is usually continuously available on demand, * given a reasonable head, it is a concentrated energy source, * the energy available is predictable, * no fuel and limited maintenance are required, so running costs are low (compared with diesel power) and in many cases imports are displaced to the benefit of the local economy, * it is a long-lasting and robust technology; systems can last for 50 years or more without major new investments.Against these, the main shortcomings are: * it is a site specific technology and sites that are well suited to the harnessing of water power and are also close to a location where the power can be economically exploited are not very common, * there is always a maximum useful power output available from a given hydropower site, which limits the level of expansion of activities which make use of the power, * river flows often vary considerably with the seasons, especially where there are monsoon-type climate s and this can limit the firm power output to quite a small fraction of the possible peak output, * lack of familiarity with the technology and how to apply it inhibits the exploitation of hydro resources in some areas. 4.From water to WattsTo know the power potential of water in a river it is necessary to know the flow in the river and the available head.The flow of the river is the amount of water (in m3 or litres) which passes in a certain amount of time a cross section of the river. Flows are normally given in cubic meters per second (m3/s) or in litres per second (l/s).Head is the vertical difference in level (in meters) the water falls down.The theoretical power (P) available from a given head of water is in exact proportion to the head H and the flow Q.P=Q Ãâ€" H Ãâ€" c c = constantThe constant c is the product of the density of water and the acceleration due to gravity (g).If P is measured in Watts, Q in m3/s and H in meters, the gross power of the flow of water is:P=1000 Ãâ€" 9.8 Ãâ€" Q Ãâ€" HThis available power will be converted by the hydro turbine in mechanical power. As a turbine has an efficiency lower than 1, the generated power will be a fraction of the available gross power. Applications. Hydro power is also utilised by large scale companies as a private use. Many large mining companies or aluminium manufacturers use vast amounts of electrical so rather than buying from the state they can generate their own power by using hydro power generation.

The Advantages And Disadvantage Of Bribery Economics Essay

The Advantages And Disadvantage Of Bribery Economics Essay The enterprises or merchantmen have different views on bribery under different circumstances; sometimes the different nations with different background have completely different ideas. In some places, peoples attitude is slightly loose to bribery, while in other places, such as in the United States, people look down on this act in public, but they do not clean themselves. In spite of the publics tolerance for bribery, there are not a national people will agree that powerful people can hurt the publics interests (Joseph A. McKinney, 2008). Corruption and the Global Economy, said that both the developed and developing countries, whether the so-called democratic countries, or dictatorships, corruption almost exists everywhere. In order to obtain some profits, such as the market access, policy benefits and scarce resources, whether multinational or local companies adopt all means to improve the relationship with the government and the government officials, which affirmed the existence of a large number of illegal acts (Mathias Nell, 2009)? Former Indonesian President Suharto, former South Korean President Chun Doo Hwan and Roh Tae-woo, former President Abacha of Nigeria, former President Ferdinand Marcos of Philippines, former Mexican President Salinas had stepped down because of corruption and bribery, in these famous events, there are many multinational presences. In this essay, it will firstly discuss the advantages of bribery by an actual example. Further, it will introduce the disadvantages of bribery with making out an unfeigned instance. Finally, it will summarize that the bribery plays a role in the international business. The advantages of bribery A few years ago, the survey that the World Bank on the 3600 foreign trade companies in the earth showed that there are 40 percent of companies did business through bribery in 69 countries. It is estimated that the corruption fund account for 10 to 20 percent of the total amount of the global business, some companies bribe money reached 100 million dollars (Carl Pacini, 2002). However, in fact, there are not many cases of transnational bribery which have been exposed, while there are few of punishment. China has become the most potential and the fastest growing emerging market in the world, particularly in the past decade, the import and export trade and the direct investment from the multinational companies were rapidly develop. To quickly open the Chinese market and make huge profits, the multinational companies not only exhibit their fund advantage, technical superiority and management advantages, but also show their bargaining power that convincing the relevant Chinese authorities and enterprises, even including adopting the bribery. All business books relevant to do business in China would warn the occidental the importance of the relations, which often means paying bribe for the government officials and the leaders of state-owned enterprises. There is no one doubts the existence of bribery, while there is almost not a multinational company admit encountering such a thing, all public interviewed west managers have denied that they had been extorted or bribed. Procter Gamble which is one of the best developing multinational companies has set up in China over 20 years. Currently, P G with its multi-brand advantages has occupied 60% of Chinese commodity market. Any other company can hardly achieve such success, the secret of success is the strong capital, strong research team of P G, but almost no one can guarantee that there is no the suspects of bribery. The Chinese dental treatment group certification message was printed on the shell of Procter Gambles Crest brand toothpaste, which has convinced Chinese consumers, so this brand toothpaste was in popular. However, But in 2007, the Ministry of Health publicly said the investigation of Chinese dental treatment group certification and economic problems, P G was quickly drawn into the whirlpool because of its close relations. P G has been reported that it donated 10 million Yuan to Chinese dental treatment group, while it also allowed enterprises and institutions related to public interest in donation or sponsorship between the names of the financial transactions to be concerned. Although P G quickly responded, said the money was donated to the Chinese Foundation of dental prevention and treatment for promoting oral health, which has nothing with the certification of Crest toothpaste. However, this approach immediately attracted greater challenge. It is understood that Dental Prevention and Treatment Foundation and Dental Treatment Group even to be a pair of twins, the Foundation is established based on Dental Treatment Group, and in turn, the Foundation support the public activities of Dental Treatment Group with its received funds. From this, there is nothing between donations and certification according to P G, which is purely sophistry. Procter Gamble donated 10 million Yuan to Dental Treatment Group or its brother agencies, which can not have any relation with the long-term. If the two sides had not volunteered admit the information, and without documents and other evidence to prove a causal relationship between them, then the law can do nothing. On the other hand, if we can prove that P Gs contributions related to the dental certification, then the Dental Treatment Group and Procter Gamble have a commercial bribery and should take legal responsibility. Obviously, no one will take the initiative to admit commercial br ibery. Although P G had some implications in this matter, but this did not affect their normal interests, on the contrary, it greatly increased its advertising effect to increase its sale. The Dental Treatment Group certificated Crest toothpastes efficacy, which recognized the prevention and treatment of their products. Procter Gamble obtained profits is far more than 10 million Yuan from the event. The disadvantage of bribery Since the reform and opening up, Chinas real estate industry has been rapid develop, so the demand for steel continues to rise, while the raw material iron and steel iron ore is the competed objects by Chinese steel mills. China is the largest iron ore importer in the world, but China has been in a passive position in the price negotiations of iron ore, because Rio Tinto, BHP Billiton and Brazils CVRD monopolized 70% of the global iron ore. With the growing demand and intending to seek more ways of importing, China has started to increase its iron ore imports from other countries (Christopher Baughn, 2010). Although the amount of the small countrys imports are increasing, the Australian ore and Brazilian ore are still the main sources of Chinese iron ore. Thus, the ceaseless contest has been started between China and the three mines. The case of Rio Tinto spy is a typical example in July 2009. According to the media reports, the computers in Shanghai office of Rio Tinto was taken away by the related departments has dozens of steel enterprises information which have a long agreement contract with Rio Tinto. The information is concerning the enterprises detailed stock plans, raw materials inventory, production schedules and other data, including large steel enterprises monthly steel production and sales. There are no more than 10 people know about all the details of Chinese steel production process. Mining companies can master these secrets; it may be pay bribe for the specific operators of the relevant enterprises. The insiders said the emotional communication between the mining companies and the steel companies is very close, in addition to the normal business commission; a number of mining companies would be necessary paying bribery for the relevant personnel. March 29, 2010, at the Shanghai No. 1 Intermediate Peoples Court worked out the first instance verdict on the Rio Tinto case, which identified Stern Hu, Yong Wang, Mingqiang Ge and Caikui committed non-national staff of accepting bribes and violating commercial secrets crimes, were sentenced to their term imprisonment ranging from fourteen years to seven years. Although the end of this bribery case, it left people many reflection. Many people give away the national interests for some petty profits, while Rio Tinto is not a separate company in the case; it represents the interests of the three mines. Rio Tinto case not only damaged the friendship and mutual trust between China and Australia, and mutual trust, but only involved in Chinas commercial secrets. Transparency International There is not the Global anti-corruption or bribery legislation yet, but the regional legislation is playing an increasing role. Since 1993, a named Transparency International international organization determined through the international and countries cooperation to encourage the Government formulate and implement effective laws and policies to hold out corruption. Transparency International carried out a large number of activities, a very important activity is investigating the businessman, the political analysts and the public around the world to determine the perception of various countries degree of corruption from the respondents. The corruption perceptions index is the international access targets for evaluating the degree of a countrys corruption (Table 1). Table 1: Corruption perceptions Index 2009 (from http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table) Country CPI 2009 Country CPI 2009 New Zealand(1) 9.4 United stated (19) 7.5 Denmark (2) 9.3 China (79) 3.6 Singapore (3) 9.2 India (84) 3.4 Sweden (4) 9.2 Russia (146) 2.2 Switzerland (5) 9 Iraq (176) 1.5 Australia (8) 8.7 Afghanistan (179) 1.3 Japan (17) 7.7 Somalia (180) 1.1 From the table, it is concluded that the Nordic countries possess of the highest ethical standards, the Asias Singapore is known as a model for the worlds anti-corruption, the members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development also has a strong anti-corruption efforts, while Asia, Africa and some Latin American countries most affected by corruption (Carl Pacini, 2002). The companies of United Stated would be prohibited by the state law if they pay bribe in foreign. Back in 1997, the United States promulgated the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, took the lead in working out disciplinal provisions about multinational companies paying bribe for the host countries government officials (Margot Cleveland, 2009). Despite the subsequent time, few cases of punishment of transnational corporations, the American multinational companies also considered harming the interests of U.S. companies in foreign countries, affecting U.S. companies competitive abroad. U.S. Commerce Secretary said that the American companies lost 64 billion dollars business within a year, because of anti-bribery and anti-corruption. The American enterprise which has been still pay bribes has been marked decreased. However, many multinational companies are still trying bribery, because the contract is too attractive. At now, the member countries of the Economic Cooperation and Development Organization and the Organization of American States are the most effective anti-corruption countries; it can not have bribery activities when people opened offices in those countries or making the global marketing business. Government officials in these countries have higher moral standards. In Asian and African countries, bribery is much more common. General estimates, the multinational companies gave the government officials kickbacks account for 15% of the total income when the global companies operated in Asia. Although bribery is illegal, each company had to work to pay bribe. Conclusion In conclusion, this essay clearly discussed the advantages and disadvantages of bribery from clear from the positive and negative sides. In fact, we all know the advantages and disadvantages of bribery, if paying bribe is successful, then the person or group will get their hoped interests; if paying bribe is fail, the briber and bribe will be punished by the related law. Although, there are the stringent laws in this regard in every country, many people go to pay bribe and corrupt at risk and at all costs in the driven of interests. Multinational bribery is not a national issue, this is a global issue. There should be some organizations such as Transparency International in each region or country, together with the local government to develop and implement effective laws and policies to put down corruption. International and the countries bosom should strengthen cooperation in order to effectively keep within limits corruption. Multinational bribery is not an isolated phenomenon, onl y when the powder large-scale is away from the economy, the legal system is more robust and the social atmosphere is better, it will be got the basic reverse, it also requires the joint efforts of all mankind.