Pathophysiology of Alzheimers Disease - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1207 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Alzheimer's Disease Essay Did you like this example? Alzheimers disease is a slow, chronic, and insidious disease that works its way into its manifestations for years. It is the most common form of dementia, which is a term used for severe memory loss that will interfere with daily living (What is Alzheimers?). Alzheimers is much more than forgetting to turn off the stove after cooking, but may begin this way. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pathophysiology of Alzheimers Disease" essay for you Create order This disease begins its progression by causing little things to slip the mind of the person suffering from the disease, and can lead to forgetting to bring in the groceries, getting lost on the way home, or even forgetting a loved one. This disease is not only hard for the patient, but can take a toll on the patients family and can lead to very difficult and emotional times for the family. It is extremely important to understand signs and symptoms of Alzheimers disease and to understand the pathophysiology behind the disease to better prepare and notice the onset of the disease in patients and loved ones alike. Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of Alzheimers is important to know so that early signs may be noticed and understood, and so that it may be treated correctly, not only medically, but therapeutically. It is known that as the body ages, the structures in the body and the functions that once worked properly may slow down or stop working as time goes on. One of the functions that begin to deteriorate with age is the blood brain barrier, which acts as a semipermeable membrane in the brain to regulate what enters and what exits the brain. It is important to regulate what comes into the brain, but issues occur more often when this barrier does not allow wastes to exit the brain. The body has ways of allowing wastes to get removed from the brain, but this will begin to deteriorate with age just as other functions deteriorate with time. The wastes staying in the brain begin to play a vital role in the onset of Alzheimers (Nizari, Romero, Hawkes, 2017). Etiology and Risk Factors There are many risk factors that may lead to Alzheimers disease, and unfortunately there are very few modifiable risk factors which makes this disease very difficult to avoid. One of the main risk factors of Alzheimers is age. Most people with Alzheimers are found to be above age 65. Patients who are under age 65 and develop Alzheimers are diagnosed with Early Onset Alzheimers. It is unknown why some people develop Alzheimers earlier than others, but it is rare (Graff-Radford, 2017). It has been found in a population based study that females are more likely to develop Alzheimers (Cheng, Tsao, Su, Sung, Tai, Kung, 2018). The same study also found that there are some modifiable factors that may lead to Alzheimers, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, which may be prevented through a healthy diet and regular exercise (Cheng, Tsao, Su, Sung, Tai, Kung, 2018). History of Alzheimers disease in the family also makes a great impact on development of this particula r form of dementia (Cheng, Tsao, Su, Sung, Tai, Kung, 2018). Manifestations. The beginning signs and symptoms of Alzheimers disease begin with forgetting small things, such as forgetting to turn off the lights in the house before leaving. These beginning symptoms can also involve misplacing items, such as putting the car keys in the refrigerator. In the beginning it is easy to laugh it off and move on, but as the disease progresses it becomes apparent that something more severe than an occasional slip up is occurring. In early stages, patients with Alzheimers will begin developing short term memory loss, such as forgetting something that was just said moments ago (What is Alzheimers?). Memory issues are not the only signs of developing Alzheimers. There are also manifestations of dysphagia, dysphasia, and trouble with walking or balance (What is Alzheimers?). It is important to remember that the person developing these symptoms may not be aware, and may deny any symptoms. Oftentimes the family will see the symptoms before the patient does, and should search for help to keep this loved one from developing more issues in a shorter amount of time (What is Alzheimers?). Complications. Complications of this disease do not only involve health related issues, but include complications from the patient being put in danger due to the lack of memory and cognitive function. Patients with Alzheimers may forget to turn off the stove at night after cooking, which can put the patient at risk of starting a fire, which also puts others at risk. These patients may also forget to eat or drink, which brings up risk of dehydration and malnutrition. Development of malnutrition is common with Alzheimers patients, and patients with other forms of dementia, and can lead to a quicker progression of the disease (Sun, Wen, Zhou, Ding, 2017). Diagnostics. There are multiple ways for a doctor to determine whether or not the patient is suffering from Alzheimers disease. After obtaining a thorough history of the patient and the family history, the doctor will then undergo a series of functional tests. The tests are to test neurological function and include testing reflexes, coordination, eye movement, speech, and sensation (Medical Tests). The doctor may also perform mental status testing which include tests such as a Mini-Mental State Exam or an MMSE, or a Mini-Cog test (Medical Tests). The MMSE test is a scoring system that is rated from 0-30, and is based off of a number of questions that the doctor may ask to determine cognitive function and memory. The lower the score, the more severe the case of Alzheimers is (Medical Tests). The Mini-Cog test is another way of looking at cognitive function and memory by remembering a list of objects and repeating them in a short amount of time, or drawing a clock with the numbers 1-12 in the appropriate area, and putting arrows to show the time that the doctor has stated (Medical Tests). Finally, the doctor may order brain imaging tests such as a Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or an MRI. The doctor may also choose to do a computed tomography, more commonly known as a CT scan. These tests help to rule out other possible issues that may be leading to loss of cognitive function, such as a stroke or a tumor that may be affecting the brain (Medical Tests). Conclusion Alzheimers disease can be an extremely difficult one to see a loved one develop, and can be frustrating to develop as well. It is important to know the history of family members to understand possible risk factors, and allowing preparation and prevention over time. It is also important to take care of the body through regular exercise and healthy diet, as this can affect the brain drastically, and lead to modifiable risk factors that may lead to Alzheimers. Looking for signs at an early stage may help slow the process of brain deterioration through this form of dementia, but there is still no cure at this time. Remember to be patient with loved ones and patients who may be dealing with the progression of this disease, and understand that this is very difficult on both sides. Therapeutic communication through this process can be one of the best treatments for all people affected by this.

Internship At The Bibb County Sheriff Department Essay

Orientation to My Internship at the Bibb County Sherriff Department I am honored to the opportunity to internship at the Bibb County Sheriff Department supervised by Cindy Gresham, the executive assistant of this agencies. Historically, there were two agencies ensuring public safety in Bibb County, The Bibb County Sheriff Department and the Macon Police Department. There were five attempts to consolidate the two agencies, but consolidation was unsuccessful. However in 2003, the two agencies were consolidated into one unified government formally known as the â€Å"The Bibb County Sheriff Department.† This consolidations prompted a complete reconstruction of the unified agencies. There were new policies and rankings implemented and the creation of a newly organized board. This paper will explain the mission of the agency, the types of services provided, sources of revenue, the administration and organization structure, and community resources utilized. Mission and Purpose of the Bibb County Sheriff Department The mission of the Bibb County Sheriff Department is visible through the actions of the department under the leadership of Sheriff David Davis. Similar to Sir Robert Peel and the Bobbies, the mission of the Bibb County Sheriff Department is to maintain order and ensure public safety through formal social control. This year the department launched a new initiative known as â€Å"PRIDE† implemented by Sheriff Davis. PRIDE is an acronym that represents presence, reaction,

Food is Art free essay sample

According to writer, Albert Camus, â€Å"Great works are often born on a street corner or in a restaurants revolving door. † A good restaurant should contain a luminous environment, delicious food, and have a friendly staff. Benihanas excels in all of these categories, which is what makes it such a great restaurant. Now let me tell you a few reasons why this restaurant is so good. Benihanas has a beautiful environment from the exterior to the interior. When you first walk up you notice that the exterior always is well picked up and the bushes are always trimmed and the paint looks always new. There is a waiter waiting to open the doors for your entrance and direct you to the bar while you wait, that is if you need to be waited. The inside always has wiped down tables, fresh plates, and silverware that are neatly folded in a napkin. There is beautiful Japanese art like Samurai Soldiers, Straight 2 Buddha’s and cherry blossom plants that fill the walls. The restaurant makes you feel like you are relaxed, comfortable, and at peace. In addition to their great art and good environment, they have amazing food. The most interesting fact about Benihanas is that they cook on an amazing hibachi grill. They serve fried rice, filet minion, shrimp, scallops, and calamari all cooked to your taste. Dinner comes with a salad and onion soup as a side dish or sushi rolls if you choose to order them. The chefs, while cooking, perform countless tricks. One is known as the â€Å"egg roll†, which is when they spin the egg and make it roll down the spatula before they break it and add it to the rice. The other is the onion volcano were they stack the onion layers on top of one another and add oil to the inside and then the heat from the grill causes smoke to rise above the onion shaped volcano. Lastly the heart beat rice, they shape the rice into a heart and put their spatula underneath it and pump it as if the rice has a rapid heartbeat. The best part is seeing them cook right in front of you so you know the food is fresh, cooked right, and not tampered with. That being said along with their amazing food they also have an amazing staff. Benihanas staff is wonderful and they have the friendliest individuals with great personalities that make your time there really fun and interesting. When you first walk in depending on what time you go of course, they greet you with the most welcoming of smiles. They have you seated and treat you with the utpmost respect and pay attention Straight 3 to each detail to make sure you get the best satisfaction. The chefs entertain you the whole time by either making jokes or doing funny tricks to make sure everyone is having a good time, so they really interact with their guest to make you feel like you’re at home with a bunch of family and friends. The waitresses and waiters always make sure you are enjoying your meal as well. From a recent experience, I had dropped my pop on the floor, which to my dismay I was as a red as a siracha bottle. She told me it was ok which made me feel safe and less embarrassed. Benihanas is the best Japanese restaurant. Yes there are other hibachi grills but nothing compares to Benihanas. They have a wonderful, fun, and clean environment with amazing food and a wonderful staff. The chefs and waitresses always make sure your well taken care of and that you have a good time. This will always be a restaurant I want to go to, and I will always crave the hibachi grill. and iIf you don’t believe me, thean go see for yourself. Evaluation Essay Grading Rubric ENG 121 Instructor: Kathy Mullins Student: Brittney Outstanding Strong Adequate Limited / Unacceptable Writer’s Approach analysis presents fresh and defensible insights into the topic academic in tone, demonstrating a clear sense of purpose and audience writer’s voice is evident—confident, competent, and sophisticated vocabulary and phrasing are academically appropriate and persuasive writer is clearly engaged with and moved by her/his thinking process Audience The writer clearly conveys through tone, vocabulary, and approach that he/she has identified a specific audience for the essay. Introduction engaging introduces the essay’s general topic and inspires thinking about that topic logically proceeds to thesis (if appropriate) clearly written or revised to reflect thoughts that developed during the writing process Thesis easily identifiable, well-phrased argument that addresses a specific idea to be analyzed and proven in the essay reflects sound critical, analytical thinking entire essay remains focused on this clear thesis Body Paragraphs each paragraph focuses on a single point that is clearly connected to the thesis graceful and logical transitions between ideas within the paragraph and from paragraph to paragraph. Conclusion The conclusion does more than simply summarize the points of each paragraph. In short, it sizzles instead of fizzles. Outside Sources writer makes sophisticated, insightful points and uses concrete details from at least _____ reputable outside sources to support these points and the thesis powerfully chosen evidence is thoroughly examined, explained, and clearly relevant to the thesis ratio of outside sources to writer’s words/ideas does not exceed (roughly) 20/80 Direct quotes, summaries, and paraphrases always include a â€Å"signal phrase† to introduce the source, establish credibility, and provide context for the source Quotes are followed by analysis, explanation, interpretation, examples, etc. Appropriate MLA in-text citations used Paraphrases (or summaries) were clearly written by the student and do not reflect a â€Å"copy-paste-change-a-few-words† approach Not applicable Works Cited appropriately formatted Works Cited page that follows all MLA rules and conventions Works Cited entries match appropriately formatted in-text citations Not applicable Mechanics, Syntax, and Grammar Effective mechanics, syntax, and grammar demonstrate a mastery of writing conventions, do not confuse or distract the reader, and serve the author’s purpose. Other (for specific writing assignments): The writer has identified clear and specific criteria for the evaluation. The essay is between 2 ? and 3 pages long. It is double-spaced, uses 12 point Times New Roman font, and has the appropriate headers. Writing Workshop – The writer brought the assigned number of printed copies of a complete rough draft to the writing workshop(s) and fully participated in the peer review process. WORKSHOP POINTS See D2L Gradebook TOTAL ESSAY POINTS 40/50 Mid-Point Writing Reflection (and Kathy’s response) Here is what you wrote on the D2L Discussion Board as you were in the process of writing this essay. We did not do this with the first essay. This section is for essays 2 – 5. Dear Kathy Letter (and Kathy’s response) Here is what you wrote when you were finished with your essay. Dear Kathy, I think my paper wasn’t necessarily hard but I did think I could have put more similes or more details in there to make it sound a little better. I did struggle a bit knowing exactly how to write an evaluation, but I did read the evaluations in the book but I just couldn’t understand the steps to follow. So I went ahead and printed an evaluation outline which helped a lot and writing the paper ran more smoothly. I would like a lot of feedback in the detail area and I would like it if you could help me find areas in the paper that I can brighten more. I feel that I should use Purdue owl or perhaps read a poem or something to get an idea of how to lighten up my writing. Since my last essay reflection I feel I have gotten better with my grammar and my punctuation. Brittney, your strength in this essay is definitely organization. I’m glad you looked online for an example outline. Way to be resourceful! ? One thing to watch out for is that you stick with the criteria you identify for your evaluation. You tell your reader that a good restaurant should have â€Å"delicious food,† but you never once describe the mouthwatering, savory goodness of Benihanas’ food! I also agree that you could â€Å"lighten up† your writing, but I think you’re making great progress already. I could see good examples of descriptive writing throughout your essay. I think it will just take practice to make it feel more natural. You’re definitely on the right track! I’m looking forward to reading your next essay. Kathy Reflection on Personal Writing Goals (and Kathy’s response) Here is what you wrote about your progress toward your self-identified writing goals. You have not set goals yet. This section is for essays 2 – 5. WRITING PLAN Follow the instructions in each of the sections below. When you are finished, upload the new document to the appropriate D2L Dropbox by the specified due date. Reflection on Feedback Re-read your essay. As you read your words, stop and read the feedback I wrote in the margins of your essay. Also look at the grading rubric and my comments at the end of your essay. In the space below, reflect on this feedback: What feedback made the most sense or was the most helpful? Be specific. (â€Å"When you said, _____, I realized ______. †) Did any of my feedback confuse you? If so, what was it? Again, be specific. Now that you have a fresh perspective on your essay, what do you like best about your writing? Writing Goals and Plans Identify 1 or 2 goals for your next essay. Goals do not have to be related to my feedback. They can be about any part of the writing process, but they should not be about grammar! Goal One: How will you work on this goal? What, specifically, will you do? Goal Two: How will you work on this goal? What, specifically, will you do? Editing Challenge What is your editing challenge for your next essay? (I will identify an â€Å"Editing Challenge† somewhere in your essay. ) Run-on sentences How did you learn about your topic? Highlight all that apply. How to Write Anything textbook Writer’s Help (www. writershelp. com) Video (list video creator/site below) Website (list website below) A friend/parent A teacher Writing Center consultant Writing Center handout Grammar guide/book (list title below) Other (please explain) Tell me, in your own words, about this topic. What are the rules/best practices? Write the original AND the edited version of your highlighted sentence here. (If you did not have a highlighted sentence, just write â€Å"N/A† here. ) Upload this new document to the appropriate D2L Dropbox by 8:35 am on March 3! Grading Rubric Points Criteria 8 – 10 Each section of the Essay Reflection is complete, and the quality of the work reflects obvious care, interest, and a true commitment to improving your writing practice. 6 – 7 Each section of the Essay Reflection is complete, but one or more sections may be overly brief or lacking depth. 1 – 5 Limited responses and/or incomplete sections. 0 Essay Reflection not turned in.

Movie Review A Time To Kill Essay Example For Students

Movie Review: A Time To Kill Essay Movie Review: A Time To KillI never read A Time To Kill by John Grisham because the book bored me. But Iwonder why it did bore me because the movie was engrossing and entertaining. Maybe it is because Akiva Goldsman took out most of the boring parts. I usuallylove Grisham, but this book was just too slow. However, another thing that madethe movie more entertaining is the actors. The movie begins with the rape scene that you have probably heard about. If youhavent, its a quick-edited scene so it doesnt show much, but still makes yourstomach churn. Jake Brigance (Matthew McConaughey) describes it graphically inhis summation. Anyway, what makes the scene so shocking is that it is a 10 yearold girl being raped. The two men are captured and while ascending a staircasefor their preliminary trial, the girls father, Carl Lee Hailey (Samuel L. Jackson), runs out of a closet with a gun and shoots the two men and a cop. Thetwo men die and the cop has his leg amputated. This sets off the main plot of the story. Hailey gets Brigance to defend him forvirtually nothing. During a courtroom scene, Eileen Roarke (Sandra Bullock, in asurprisingly small role for having top billing) helps Brigance to get the trialmoved to another town. Unfortunately, the judge (Patrick McGoohan) decidesagainst moving the trial. Brigance needs to get a jury of young, married menwith children. What does he get? A jury of women and old men. So Brigance hashis work cut out for him, especially when he is up against the cruel andcheating Rufus Buckley (Kevin Spacey). The film moves along quickly, which I wasnt expecting. The movie is 145 minuteslong, but it seems shorter than this. The book is over 500 pages, so Goldsmanhad his work cut out for him. But he did a great job and made the movie moreentertaining than the book. As I said, the actors must have had something to dowith it as well. Matthew McConaughey is superb as Brigance. This is his firstmovie and it will probably make him famous. His summation is one of the bestparts of the movie. He says it with great emotion that, not only can the juryrelate with, but so can the audience. Samuel L. Jackson is always good and there is one particular scene where hegives a small talk to Brigance. It is powerful, even if it is short. Thats howgood Jackson is. Sandra Bullock, in a supporting role, is charming as always. Kevin Spacey, in his first role since The Usual Suspects, is okay but not asbrilliant as his Oscar winning performance from his last film. Keifer Sutherlandis just plain mean as the Ku Klux Klan member. And Donald Sutherland is good asthe drunken teacher of Brigance. A Time To Kill is rated R. There is a fair amount of violence and language, andthe rape scene is pretty graphic for what they could show. But the performances(especially by McConaughey) are outstanding and the story is quick-paced. Thisis the worst of Grishams movies (The Firm, The Pelican Brief, and The Client)but by far the most powerful and emotional. Music and Movies